Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that primarily affects older adults, making it crucial to recognize its signs and explore treatment options. This cancer starts in plasma cells and can cause a range of symptoms that are sometimes mistaken for normal aging. Multiple myeloma can be hard to detect early on because its symptoms often appear gradually. This article outlines the common signs to watch for, along with treatment options that are currently available.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma
- Bone Pain: Persistent pain, particularly in the back, ribs, and hips, is a common symptom of multiple myeloma. This pain often worsens with movement and may be associated with fractures due to weakened bones.
- Frequent Infections: Because multiple myeloma affects plasma cells in the immune system, seniors with this condition may experience repeated infections, such as colds or pneumonia, that are difficult to shake off.
- Anemia and Fatigue: Many seniors with multiple myeloma experience anemia, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. This can impact daily activities and overall quality of life.
- Kidney Problems: High levels of calcium and abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells can impair kidney function, resulting in symptoms like thirst, nausea, or confusion.
- Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss and a reduced appetite are common among those with advanced stages of multiple myeloma.
- Frequent Bruising or Bleeding: Due to the effect on blood cell production, multiple myeloma can lead to abnormal bleeding, frequent bruising, and other blood-related symptoms.
- Neuropathy: Some seniors experience nerve damage, known as neuropathy, resulting in tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet, which can impact balance and mobility.
- Swelling in the Legs and Feet (Edema): In some cases, multiple myeloma can affect the heart, causing it to weaken and enlarge. This can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, which may cause shortness of breath, as well as fluid retention in the legs and feet, known as edema. This swelling may be a sign of advanced disease and should be monitored closely. (Source: American Cancer Society)
Multiple Myeloma May Be More Common Than You Think
The prevalence of multiple myeloma is increasing, especially among older adults. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2024, an estimated 35,780 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States, with approximately 19,520 in men and 16,260 in women. Sadly, about 12,540 deaths are expected to occur, including 7,020 in men and 5,520 in women. The average lifetime risk of developing multiple myeloma is around 1 in 103 for men and 1 in 131 for women, though this risk may vary depending on individual factors. Importantly, multiple myeloma is most often diagnosed in individuals over 65, with an average diagnosis age of 69, and less than 1% of cases occur in those younger than 35. (Source: American Cancer Society)
Ninlaro Treatment for Multiple Myeloma
Ninlaro (Ixazomib) is an oral proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. It works by blocking proteasomes—structures within cells responsible for breaking down proteins. This inhibition disrupts protein recycling in myeloma cells, causing them to accumulate damaged proteins, which ultimately leads to cell death.
How Ninlaro Is Used
Ninlaro is typically prescribed as part of a combination therapy with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for patients who have received at least one prior treatment for multiple myeloma. Its oral administration offers a more convenient alternative to infusion-based therapies, making it easier for patients to incorporate into their treatment routine (Source: Takeda Pharmaceuticals).
Potential Benefits
- Convenient Administration: Ninlaro is taken orally, reducing the need for frequent clinic visits.
- Combination Effectiveness: Its use alongside other medications can improve treatment outcomes by attacking the cancer through multiple mechanisms (Source: National Cancer Institute).
Possible Side Effects
While Ninlaro can be effective, it may cause side effects, including:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, and constipation are commonly reported.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet may occur.
- Blood Count Changes: Reduced platelet counts, anemia, and low white blood cell counts can increase the risk of infection and fatigue (Source: Ninlaro Prescribing Information).
Important Considerations
Healthcare providers assess factors such as previous treatments, current health status, and potential drug interactions before prescribing Ninlaro. Close monitoring during treatment helps manage side effects and ensures optimal outcomes (Source: American Cancer Society).
Conclusion
Multiple myeloma is a challenging diagnosis, particularly for seniors, but with proper care, many individuals can achieve symptom relief and improve their quality of life. Individuals should work closely with healthcare providers to explore the best treatment options tailored to their needs and overall health.
DailyAffairsNow is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on DailyAffairsNow.